Machine for producing justified groups of impressions



H. B. HOUGH Dec. 19, 1933.

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q In e Jars mm RR T W N mmN Dec. 19, 1933. B HOUGH 7 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1951 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 Trz yen/far.-

flfi'arneys.

Dec. 19, I933. H. HOuGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931' 16 Sheets-Sheet 3 Y Z60 if} xv Z Dec. 19, 1933. v H. B. HOUGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JU-STIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-SheetA wa t.

' N fnvezz for.

1% g M {for/19.90.

" Dec. 19,1933.

H. a. nous" 1,939,702 MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIF IED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 wig a4 16 Sheets-Shoot 5 if d By MZYLWL Dec. 19; 1933. H. B. HOUGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet 6 3y M g M24?! [P arn e 51.51

Dec. 19, 1933. H. B. HOUGH 1,939,762

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIEJD GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet '7 I -60 f 45f I: I I L I I I I I I I H. B. HOUGH Dec. 19, 1933'.

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 I I l I I I l I l I 1 IL Dec. 19, 1933. H. a. HOUGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS X46 X49 Z// 4;

244 34, 7 4? Java/2501'.-

By M

H. B. HOUGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Dec. 19, 1933.

Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet l0 Zym Dec. 19, 1933. I H. B, HOUGH MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet ll 2 1/? far. w

Dec. 19, 1933. H. B. HOUGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet l2 H. B. HOUGH .Dec. 19, 1933.

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 l6 Sheets-Sheet 13 Dec. 19, 1933. H. B. HOUGH 0 MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 1,6 Sheets-Sheet 14 In van for.

Md. A WL% Q e15:

; Dec. 19, 1933. H. B. HOUGH 1, 9 702 MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet 15 Dec. 19, 1933. I t H. B. HOUGH 1,939,702

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING JUSTIFIED GROUPS OF IMPRESSIONS Filed May 16, 1931 16 Sheets-Sheet l6 W 8M5? 111/ wamkgflz Patented Dec. 19, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE mounts FOR PRODUCING ws'rmmn caours or IMPRESSIONS This invention relates to machinesfor producing impressions of arranged in groups spaced apart over a predetermined space on an impression receiving element so as to fill the space accurately and completely. More particularly the invention relates to machines for casting lines of type.

Line casting machines, such as linotype, intertype and linograph, require the circulation of a plurality of matrices through a phase of assembly, a phase of casting, and a phase of distribution in which they are returned to the magazine. This circulation of matrices makes necessary the I provision of a machine of complex design and makes impossible the construction of a machine of small size. Unless the machine receives constant expert attention satisfactory operation is unlikely. The matrices may stick at various places in their cycle; they may transpose as they are assembled; or they may fail to distribute properly causing so-called distributor stops" which are a common source of lost time. The matrices are frequently damaged and must be replaced. Since they are not secured in the machine in any way they may be forced out and drop to the floor. The continuous circulation of a large number of small matrices, each independent of the others, involves difliculties which cannot be entirely overcome. Inherent in the principles underlying the construction of prior machines of this type are a number of such difllculties and a number of obvious limitations.

What is true of the matrices in the existing machines is also true of the space bands. Being separate they may jamb, fall out, fail to drop into proper'position or two may fall at a time. They may fail to return to the space band box requiring the time and attention of the operator.

In the operation of these prior machines, the operator must do a great deal of hand spacing since it is impossible to cause the justification of lines through the action of space bands when the space left in the line is more than a certain maximum. The space which the space bands will take up depends upon the number of bands in the line and this is dependent upon the judgment of the operator. An operator of these prior machines must have considerable training before acquiring facility. The operation depends so much upon the skill of the operator that many individuals can never hope to be successful.

It is the object of the present invention to overcome these diillcuities and provide a machine of simpler construction embodying principles applicable in the construction of machines for producing any justified line of impressions or group of impressions such, for example, as a justifying typewriter or embossing machine, as well as a line casting machine.

The invention will be more clearly understood w from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a machine embodying the invention and withcertain of the parts broken away.

Fig. 2 is a plan view with part of the casing broken away.

Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sections taken on the lines 3-3 and H respectively of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the same.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a pattern forming part of the machine showing the parts thereof in their normal positions.

Fig. 7 1 a sectional view taken upon the line 7' 7-'l of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken upon the line 8-8 of F 8. 7.

Fig.9isaviewsimilartoFig.7aftertheparts have been arranged in a desired relation showing the parts of the pattern partially assembled.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary plan view of the same. Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing the parts of the pattern fully assembled.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view through one of the 35 'of the pattern partly in section.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken upon the line 17-17 of Fig. 16.

Figs. 18 and 19 are diagrammatic views 11- lustrating the action of the mechanism for separating the rules a predetermined distance apart.

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view partly in diagram showing the mechanism for controlling the movement of a pattern during assembly. 7

Fig. 21 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 20.

Fig. 22 is a detail view of the magnetic reversing switch shown in diagram in Fig. 20.

Fig. 23 is a detail view of the magnetic brake shown in diagram in Fig. 20.

Figs. 24, 25, 28 and 2'7 are fragmentary detail views of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. and illustrating different positions of the parts.

Figs. 28 and 20 are diagrammatic views illustrating successive steps of a part of the mechanism for separating the rules a predetermined distance apart.

Figs. 30, 31 and 32 are fragmentary vertical sections of a portion of the mechanism showing the matrices and the mold together with their associated parts in different positions.

Fig. 33 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 30.

Fig. 34 is a fragmentary front elevational view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 31, with the parts in different positions.

Fig. 35 is a sectional view taken upon the line 35-35 of Fig. 31.

Fig. 36 is a fragmentary front eievational view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 32 with the parts in different positions. n

Fig. 37 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the crucible and mold. v

Figs. 38, 39 and 40 are sectional detail views of the mold showing the parts in different positions.

Fig. 41 is a perspective view of a cast line of typ Figs. 42 and43 are detail vertical sectional 3 views of the mold and galley showing the parts in different positions. v

Figs. 44 and 45 are plan views of the portions T of the m, shown in Figs. 42 and 4s respectively.

Fig. 46 is a fragmentary detail vertical sectional view of the mold.

Figs. 47 and 48 are similar sectional elevational views. of a portion of the machine showing the parts in dines-out relations.

Fig. 49 isa fragmentary detail view of the track construction for supporting the patterns.

Figs. 50 and 51 aresectional views showing a portion of the m illustrated in Figs. 47 and 48 and with the parts in the same relations respectively. r

Fig. 52 is a transverse sectional elevational view of a portion of the mechanism.

Fig. 53 is a detail elevational view of a portion of the machine. 1 g

The present invention and principles underlying it can be suitably illustrated by reference to the machine shown in the accompanying draw lugs for casting a line of type 520 (Fig. 41) in which the type groups are spaced to fill accurately and completely the entire predetermined space to be occupied by the line, in other words, a iustified line. Such a machine comprises, in general, a single set of matrices 332 secured to arms 331 pivotally mounted in an are shaped frame 326 similar to the type carrying arms of a typewriter. Each matrix is operatively connected to a separate operating bar 365 adapted to be moved indirectly by a character representation band 53 arranged to extend beyond the surface of one of the movable patterns P so as to swing the matrices into operative position to close the open top of a mold 323 containing metal or other impression receiving elements.

In the machine illustrated each pattern P 0011 tains a plurality ofniles 24 each having a single group if character representation bands 53. These bands are adapted to be moved by mechanism actuated by the keyboard 103 to project beyond the surface of the pattern so as to actuate mechanism for'moving the operating bars 365 to swing the matrices 332. The rules 24 also contain differential and justification space means for spacing the character representation bands 53 a predetermined distance apart and in groups spaced apart so that as the pattern is moved to actuate the matrices justified groups of impressions are produced in the metal.

The specific construction of the machine will now be described.

The various parts are supported by a casing having front and rear walls 97 and 98 respectively and side walls 101 and 102 enclosed by a top 99. Spaced pairs of vertical guideways 250 and 251 are suitably fixed upon the opposite sides of the casing. A slide 252 extends between and engages the guideways 250 and is provided with an upwardly extending projection 253 intermediate its ends carrying a platform 254 which yieldably supports a plate 255. A vertically extending projection 256 is provided near each end of the slide 252 and each is provided near its upper end with an inwardly extending stud 257' adapted to receive one of the forked ends 258 of a lever 259 pivotally mounted upon a stud 260 fixed in the opposite side walls of the casing.

A slide 262extends between and engages the pair of slideways 251. A platform 263 is fixed upon the slide 282 and carries two pair of up wardly extending posts 264 and'265. A plunger 266 is movably mounted ineach of the posts 264 near their upper ends and each carries a track 106 section 2 at one end. The other end of each of the plungers 266 is provided with an enlargement 267 adapted to be received in an enlarged opening 268 in the post 264. Each track section 2 is normally held retracted against the post by 110 a spring 269 surrounding plunger 266 with one end engaging the enlargement 267 and its other end engaging the end of the opening 268. Pins 270 fixed in the casing extend inwardly therefrom into the path of movement of the track sections 2 thereby moving the track sections away from the posts 204 when the slide 262 is moved upwardly. An upwardly extending pro- Jection 272 is provided near each end of the slide 282 and each is provided with a stud 273 adapted to receive the other forked ends 274 of the levers 259. One of the studs 273 is extended outwardly through a slot 275 in one side of the casing to bereceived in a slot 276 provided intermediate the ends of a manually operable lever 277 one end of which is pivotally mounted in a bracket 278 carried by the rear wall of the casing.

A plate 279 extends between and is suitably secured upon the upper ends of the posts 264. The upper rails 282 (see Figs. 1 and 49) are pivotally mounted upon brackets 283 fixed in the opposite side walls of the casing and eachis provided with a lug 284 adapted to engage the bottom of the bracket 283 and serve as a stop for maintaining the track in its normal-position for receiving a pattern. A spring 285 tends to hold the track in its normal position with the lug 284 in engagement with the bracket 283, but permits the track to be turned and pivoted upward. A plurality of pairs of track sections 98 forming lower tracks are suitably secured within the casing in spaced relation so as to permit the track sections 2 to pass therebetween.

The patterns P are identical in construction (see particularly Figs. 1, 6, 1,8, 12, 13, 14 and 4 s nosavos facts from the wall 21 of each pattern for a purpose described hereinafter. A plurality of rules 24' extend between the walls and 21 and are held in the frame by flanges 25 extending inwardly from the edges of each of the walls 20 and'21. Projections 28 and 26' extend from one of the walls of each pattern for a purpose described hereinafter. A plurality of plungers 27 extend through the end wall 23 and are slidably mounted in bearings 28 therein. A backing plate 29 extending between walls 20 and 21 is fixed upon the inner ends of the plungers 27 and is retained within the frame by the inturned flanges 25. The backing plate 29 is forced in engagement with the rules 24 to urge them towards the end wall 22 by a spring 30 surrounding each of the plungers 27 and extending between the backing plate 29 and the end wall- 23. Each of the walls 20 and 21 is provided with a longitudinal opening 80 for a purpose to be described hereinafter.

The legs 31 of a U-shaped bar 32 extend through a hollowcylinder 33, suitably secured near the rear end of each of the walls 20 and 21, and are adapted to slide in bearings 34 formed in the closed end 701 of the cylinder. A stop 35 is fixed upon each of the legs 31 and normally is held in engagement with the closed end 701 of the cylinder 33 by a spring 36 surrounding each leg and extending between the stop 35 and a cap 37 threaded in the other end of the cylinder. A cam block 38 ismounted-upon the end of each of the legs 31 and is fixed in desired p0sl- Hon thereon by a set screw 39. A shaft 40 is rotatably mounted in brackets 41 and 41' fixed upon the end wall 23. An arm 42 is fixed upon each end of the shaft 40 and carries a cam follower 43 at its free end edapted to engage the cam block 38. Arms 45 are fixed upon the shaft 40 one above each of the plungers 27 and are adapted to be moved into engagement with the plungers 27 by springs 47 one end of each of which is fixed to one of the arms 45 and the other ends of which are fixed to a pin 48 carried by the brackets 41'.

Each of the rules 24 comprises a strip of metal or the like provided with spaced transverse receases 50 in one side face. The intermediate portion 51 between the recesses 50 is provided with a longitudinal slot 52 between the side faces of the rule in which a plurality of bands 53- are mounted for movement transversely thereof. Each of the bands 53 is provided near the top thereof with a character representation, such as a letter, number, punctuation mark or the like. One edge of each of the bands is provided with a recess 53a directly below the character representation. Parallel grooves 54, 55 and 56 are provided in one face of each band and are adapted to engage a wire 57 fixed in the rule and extending longitudinally through the slot 52. A

justifying element 58 is suitably mounted in each of the recesses 50 and comprises a body 59 adapted to slidably supporta space band 60. A pair of links 61 are pivotally connected at one end to a spreading member 62 the upper edge of which is adapted to slidably engage spaced lips 50 projecting from the next adjacent rule 24 into the recesses 50. The other end of each of the links 1 61 is shaped in the form of a cylinder 63 adapted 3 the roller 66 and the end wall of the slot 65. The

space band is provided with cams 68 adapted to engage the rollers 86 and move them in the slot against the action of the springs 67.

A shaft 70 is pivotaily mounted in ears 71 extending from one face of each of the end portions 72 of each rule 24. A plate 73 is fixed upon each shaft 70. so as to swing toward or away from the face of the end portions 72. A shaft 74 is rotatably mounted in each plate 73 so as to extend across a recess 75 formed in one face there- I of and above the pattern. A pair of pawls 76 are positioned in the recess 75 and are fixed in spaced relation upon the shaft 74 by pins 77. A spring 78 surrounding the shaft 74 with one end in engagement with one of the pawls 76 and its other end in engagement with a lug formed on theplate 73 normally holds the pawls 76 in position so that their free ends may engage spaced sets of teeth 79 formed upon the adjacent face of the end portions 72.

A bracket 81 extends outwardly from each of the walls 20 and 21 and carries a screw sector 82 at its free end. A plunger 83 is yieldably mounted in each of the brackets 81 and carries a it!) screw sector 84 at its free end. The screw sectors 82 and 84 are adapted to engage screws for a purpose described hereinafter.

A pair of spaced parallel shafts are mounted for rotation in bearings 141 fixed in the casing 106 and are provided with screw portions 140' adapted to engage the screw sectors 84 tomove the upper pattern P along the upper track 282. Each of the shafts 140 is provided at one end with a bevel gear 142 adapted to engage a bevel gear 143 upon 110 a transverse shaft 144. Thetransverse shaft is provided with a worm wheel 145 adapted to engage a worm 146 upon the armature shaft of a motor M. A pair of spaced parallel shafts 148 are rotatably mounted in bearings 149 carried by 115 the casing and are provided with screw portions 148 adapted to engage the screw sectors 82 to move the pattern P along the lower rails formed by the track sections 96. One end of each of the shafts 148 is provided with a bevel gear 150 adapt- 1% ed to engage a bevel gear 151 upon a transverse shaft 152 carrying a worm wheel 153 adapted to engage a worm 154 upon the armature shaft of a motor M. 1

' The other end of one of the shafts 148 is pro- 125 vided with a bevel gear 155 (Fig. 20) adapted to engage a bevel gear 156 on a transverse shaft 157 rotatably mounted in bearings in the casing so as to position the shaft 157 adjacent an opening 159 in the front wall of the casing 100. An intermediate portion of the shaft 157 is formed with a screw 160 adapted to engage a screw sector 161 carried by a table 162 extending forwardly through the opening 159. An indicating pointer 200 is secured upon the table 162 so as to extend adjacent a scale S upon the upper portion cf the outer face of a guide bar 163 suitably secured to the front wall of the casing so as to ex tend upwardly in back of the opening 159. The inner or rear edge of the table 182 is provided with a downwardly extending projection 164 adapted to be received in an L-shaped slot 165 in'the guide bar 163. The screw sector 161 is normally held in engagement with the screw 160 by springs 1'66 extending between the table 162 and the upper edge of the L-slot 165.

Suitable means is provided for controlling the movement of the pattern P so as to bring the rules 24 successively directly over vertically movable slides 111 slidably engaging sllldeways 94 so that any one of the character representation bands 53 on the rules can be engaged by the end of one of the slides 111. For this purpose each of the slides 111 is provided with one or more teeth 1'10 adapted to engage a toothed cylinder 1'11 carried by a shaft 1'12 mounted for rotation in suitable bearings fixed to the casing. Some of the slides 111 are provided with a greater number of teeth 1'10 than others for the purpose described hereinafter. A gear 1'13 is connected with the shaft 172 by an overrunning clutch 1'13 which constitutes a one-way driving connection. The gear 1'13 is adapted to engage a rack 174 formed as a part of a rod 1'15 which is slidably mounted in a sleeve 176 in which it is held by the resilient pressure of a spring 177. One end of the rod 1'15 extends through the front wall of the casing and is provided with a knob 1'18. The other end of the rod is adapted to engage the rear wall of the casing to limit the rearward movement of the rack 174. The rack 1'14 carries a switch A having a pivoted arm 178 connected with a conductor 220 and a fixed contact 19 connected with conductor 219. The arm 1'18 is arranged to be engaged by the projection 26 on the pattern P to open the switch A against the action of a spring 1'19. Each of the slides 111 is provided with a projection 180 adapted to engage the pivotally mounted arm 181 of a switch 203 suitably carried by the casing to move the same against the action of a spring 182 when the slide 111 is moved upward. The arm 181 is connected with conductor 218 and is adapted to move into and out of engagement with a contact 18 fixed in the switch 203 and connected with the conductors 219 and 223.

The keyboard 103 which is similar to an ordinary typewriter keyboard, is suitably supported adjacent the front wall 9'1 of the casing. It is provided with two shift keys 104 carried by one end of bars 105 extending through an opening 96 in the wall 97 and pivotally mounted at an intermediate point upon a shaft 106 fixed in the casing. A bracket 107 is carried by the other ends of the bars 105. A rod 108 is mounted-in the bracket 107 for pivotally supporting a plurality of bars 109 each carrying a character key 110 at one end. The bars 109 normally abut the top edge of the opening 96 in the wall 9'1 of the casing. The other end of each of the bars 109 is adapted to engage a notch in one of the slides 111 previously referred to. Each of the slides 111 is normally maintained in the position shown in Fig. 1 by a spring 112 one end of which is fixed to the slide and the other end of which is secured to the ways 94. The slides 111 are so arranged that there is one positioned below each of the character bands 53 in a rule 24 and they are adapted to be moved upward to move the corresponding bands so that they project beyond the surface of the pattern.

It should be noted here that a suitable number of teeth 170 are arranged on the slides 111 in such positions as to cause the rack 1'14 to move forwardly an amount equal to the distance that the rules 24 are moved rearwardly by plates '13 forming part of the space differential mechanism as more fully described hereinafter. The

space differential mechanism is provided for the purpose of separating the corresponding faces of the character bands 53 carried by the rules during assembly of the pattern an amount proportional to the width of the character represented by the character bands 53. The characters may be divided into a plurality of classes depending upon the width of the character. In the present instance, the thickness of the rules is taken as being proportional to the width of the characters in the class of characters of minimum width. Therefore, when a character band 53 corresponding to a character of the minimum class is selected in a rule 24, as more fully described hereinafter, it is not necessary to move the remaining rules in the pattern rearwardly. However, when a character band 53 in a rule is selected which represents a character in any of the other classes, the remaining rules must be moved rearwardly an amount proportional to the width of the character.

For this purpose, each of the bars 109 is provided with a projection 113, 114 or 115 extending upwardly from a point thereon between its pivot 108 and the rear end of the bar depending upon the class of characters which includes the character represented by the bar 109. If the character is in the class of characters having the maximum width, then the bar 109 is provided with the projection 113, which is located farther from the pivot 108 than the projections 114 or 115. The

projections 114 and 115, which are on bars representing characters in the other two classes, are located thereon nearer the pivot 108.

The projection 115 is positioned upon the bars 109 which correspond to the characters of minimum width so that when the character key carried by the bar is depressed to elevate a character band 53 in the pattern so as to represent a small letter, the upward movement of the projection 115 is insufllcient to move links 123 so as to cause the wedges 126 to move between the plates '13 and the pawls '16 as described hereinafter. However, when the shift key is depressed the rod 108 carrying the bars 109 is raised an amount such that when one of the keys carried by the bars 109 is depressed the projection 115 will move upwardly to a point such as to cause the wedge to spread the plates '13 and pawls '16 to separate the corresponding faces of adjacent rules an amount proportioned to the width of the impression to be produced by a character of this class. The projections 114 carried by the bars 109 which correspond to the characters in the next class are positioned upon the bars 109 so that when the keys are depressed the projections 114 will move upward to move the wedges 126 to spread the plates '13 and pawls '16 to separate the corresponding faces of adjacent rules an amount proportioned to the width of the impression to be produced by a character of this class. If the character band, elevated by one of the bars corresponding to characters in this class, is to represent a capital letter then the shift key is depressed before the key carried by the bar 109 is depressed, thus causing the projection 114 to move upwardly to a higher point and consequently move the wedges 126 inwardly a greater distance so as to spread the plates '13 and pawls '16 a greater distance apart. Likewise, the projections 113 are positioned upon the bars 109, which correspond to characters of the next larger class, at a point farther from the rod 108 so that the projections 113 will rise to actuate the wedges 126 and spread the plates '13 and the pawls '16 to separate corresponding faces of the adjacent rules an amount proportional to the width of the impressions to be produced by the characters of this class. If it is desired to raise a character band 53 to represent a capital letter of this class then the shift key is actuated before the key carried by the bar 109 is depressed. The arrangement is such that when the shift key is 

